Joseph Nye addressed the conflict management activities of regional
international organizations (Nye, 1971).
Haas, Robert Butterworth and Nye which improved upon Nye's efforts by
including more cases of regional organizational involvement and by including
other hostile conflicts as cases, even if there was no international
organizational conflict management (Haas, Butterworth, Nye, 1972).
Two studies by Robert
Butterworth which expanded the line of the earlier studies by including
individual, or ad hoc, conflict management efforts (by one or more
nation-states or by non-collective security international organizations --
WHO, IBRD, WCC among others (Butterworth with Scranton, 1976; Butterworth,
1980).
Change of the "flat-model" representation of a conflict management case
into a more narratively structured series of "phases" using the
Barringer-Bloomfield-Leiss phase types (Barringer, 1972; Bloomfield and Leiss,
1969).
Addition of the measurement of the referral process of management agents
to the assessment of the effectiveness of management agents.
Addition of the individual actions of actors (both primary and
secondary), and the individual actions of management agents were added to the
data structure.
Political Actors: A finer specification and documentation of
political actors involved in quarrels and disputes, including description of
the "non-state" actor's history, ethnic, religious and ideological character.
Fully Referenced Actions by Actors: More fully referenced actions
by actors (with specific targets and actions) reflecting the traditional
events data recording format of actor-actions-target within general
hostility-cooperation categories.
Matrix Representation of State Characteristics: A more flexible
ability to construct and merge matrix representations for state or national
actors of power and influence scales, indices, and other information.
Management Success Measures: An increased specificity of management
agent information, including the Haas success variables, and textual
descriptions of the referral and management process.
Refugee Identification and
Measures: The identification of refugees resulting from, occurring
co-terminously with, or from prior events, as they relate to the dispute or
quarrel, including a text description and measures of ethnic, religious or
ideological character as well as the character and type of intervention to
resolve the problems generated by the presence of refugees.
Additional Data-Sources:
The ability to create additional state or actor referenced matrices including
from among military arms sales, trade patterns, transfers of assistance and
other indicators useful in the analysis conducted within frameworks of
international political economy.
Frank L. Sherman, "List of SHERFACS Cases: Quarrels and Disputes," Project Report 2.3, mimeo, (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University, 1 November 1994).
Frank L. Sherman, "Listing of Ethnic and Religiou Non-national Actors for SHERFACS 2.0," Project Report 14.1, mimeo, (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University, 31 October 1994).
Lincoln P. Bloomfield and Amelia C. Leiss, Controlling Small Wars: A Strategy For The 1970's (N.Y.: Knopf, 1969).
Robert Lyle Butterworth, Managing Interstate Conflict, 1975-1979: Data With Synopses, unpublished Final Report to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1980.
Robert Lyle Butterworth with Margaret E. Scranton, Managing Interstate Conflict, 1945-74: Data With Synopses (Pittsburgh, PA: University Center for International Studies, 1976).
Ernst B. Haas, Collective Security and The Future International System (University of Denver, Denver, Colorado: Monograph Series in World Affairs, Volume 5, Number 1, 1967-1968).
Ernst B. Haas, Why We Still Need The United Nations (Berkeley, CA: Institute of International Studies, 1986).
Joseph S. Nye, Peace in Parts (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1968).
Ernst B. Haas, Robert Lyle Butterworth, and Joseph S. Nye, Conflict Management by International Organizations (Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press, 1972).
Frank L. Sherman (flsherma@mailbox.syr.edu)