\begin{thebibliography}{31}
\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi
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  \def\url#1{{\tt #1}}\fi

\bibitem[Abney(1996)]{Abneycass}
Steven Abney.
\newblock Parsing via finite-state cascades.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ESSLLI'96 Robust Parsing Workshop}, 1996.

\bibitem[A{\"\i}t-Mokhtar et~al.(2001)A{\"\i}t-Mokhtar, Chanod, and
  Roux]{XIP2001}
A{\"\i}t-Mokhtar, Jean-Pierre Chanod, and Claude Roux.
\newblock A multi-input dependency parser.
\newblock In {\em Seventh International Workshop on Parsing Technologies},
  Beijing, 2001.

\bibitem[Ali and Pazzani(1995)]{ali95reducing}
Kamal~M. Ali and Michael~J. Pazzani.
\newblock Reducing the small disjuncts problem by learning probabilistic
  concept descriptions.
\newblock In {\em Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning Systems},
  volume III: Selecting Good Models, pages 183--199. MIT Press, 1995.

\bibitem[Argamon et~al.(1998)Argamon, Dagan, and Krymolowski]{Dagan98}
Shlomo Argamon, Ido Dagan, and Yuval Krymolowski.
\newblock A memory-based approach to learning shallow natural language
  patterns.
\newblock In {\em {COLING}'98, Montr\'eal}, 1998.

\bibitem[Brill(1995)]{Brillcl}
Eric Brill.
\newblock Transformation-based error-driven learning and natural language
  processing: A case study in part-of-speech tagging.
\newblock {\em Computational Linguistics}, 21\penalty0 (4):\penalty0 543--565,
  1995.

\bibitem[Brunk and Pazzani(1991)]{brunk91investigation}
C.A. Brunk and M.J. Pazzani.
\newblock An investigation of noise-tolerant relational concept learning
  algorithms.
\newblock In L.~Birnbaum and G.~Collins, editors, {\em Proceedings of the 8th
  International Workshop on Machine Learning}, pages 389--393. Morgan Kaufmann,
  1991.

\bibitem[Cardie(1999)]{cardie99integrating}
Claire Cardie.
\newblock Integrating case-based learning and cognitive biases for machine
  learning of natural language.
\newblock {\em Journal of Experimental Theoretical Artificial Intelligence},
  11\penalty0 (3):\penalty0 297--337, 1999.

\bibitem[Daelemans et~al.(1999)Daelemans, van~den Bosch, and Zavrel]{Excep99}
Walter Daelemans, Antal van~den Bosch, and Jakub Zavrel.
\newblock Forgetting exceptions is harmful in language learning.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}, 34\penalty0 (1--3):\penalty0 11--41, 1999.

\bibitem[D{\'e}jean(2001)]{Dejeanclausing}
Herv{\'e} D{\'e}jean.
\newblock Using {ALLiS} for clausing.
\newblock In Walter Daelemans and R{\'e}mi Zajac, editors, {\em Proceedings of
  CoNLL-2001}, pages 64--66. Toulouse, France, 2001.

\bibitem[Grover et~al.(1999)Grover, Mikheev, and Matheson]{LTTTT}
Claire Grover, Andrei Mikheev, and Colin Matheson.
\newblock {\em {LT TTT} version 1.0: Text Tokenisation Software}, 1999.
\newblock http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/software/ttt/.

\bibitem[Holder(1992)]{holder-unifying}
L.~Holder.
\newblock Unifying empirical and explanation-based learning by modeling the
  utility of learned knowledge.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ML92 Workshop on Compilation and Speedup
  Learning}, 1992.

\bibitem[Holte et~al.(1989)Holte, Acker, and Porter]{Holte_1989}
Robert Holte, Liane Acker, and Bruce Porter.
\newblock Concept learning and the problem of small disjuncts.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on
  Artificial Intelligence}, 1989.

\bibitem[Karttunen et~al.(1997)Karttunen, Ga\'al, and Kempe]{XFST}
Lauri Karttunen, Tam\'as Ga\'al, and Andr\'e Kempe.
\newblock Xerox finite-state tool.
\newblock Technical report, Xerox Research Centre, Grenoble, 1997.

\bibitem[Koeling(2000)]{koeling_conll00}
Rob Koeling.
\newblock Chunking with maximum entropy models.
\newblock In Claire Cardie, Walter Daelemans, Claire Nedellec, and Erik Tjong
  Kim~Sang, editors, {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages
  139--141. Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[Kudoh and Matsumoto(2000)]{svm_conll00}
Taku Kudoh and Yuji Matsumoto.
\newblock Use of support vector learning for chunk identification.
\newblock In Claire Cardie, Walter Daelemans, Claire Nedellec, and Erik Tjong
  Kim~Sang, editors, {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages
  142--144. Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[Marcus et~al.(1993)Marcus, Santorini, and Marcinkiewicz]{PT93}
M.~P. Marcus, B.~Santorini, and M.~Marcinkiewicz.
\newblock Building a large annotated corpus of english: The penn treebank.
\newblock {\em Computational Linguistics}, 19\penalty0 (2):\penalty0 313--330,
  1993.

\bibitem[Mitchell(1997)]{Mitchellbook}
Tom Mitchell.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}.
\newblock McGraw Hill, 1997.

\bibitem[Mooney and Califf(1995)]{Califf95}
Raymond~J. Mooney and Mary~Elaine Califf.
\newblock Induction of first-order decision lists: Results on learning the past
  tense of english verbs.
\newblock {\em Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, 3:\penalty0 1--24,
  1995.

\bibitem[Nerbonne et~al.(2001)Nerbonne, Belz, Cancedda, D{\'e}jean, Hammerton,
  Koeling, Konstantopoulos, Osborne, Thollard, and Tjong Kim~Sang]{nerbonne01}
John Nerbonne, Anja Belz, Nicola Cancedda, Herv{\'e} D{\'e}jean, James
  Hammerton, Rob Koeling, Stasinos Konstantopoulos, Miles Osborne, Franck
  Thollard, and Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang.
\newblock Learning computational grammars.
\newblock In Walter Daelemans and R{\'e}mi Zajac, editors, {\em Proceedings of
  CoNLL-2001}, pages 97--104. Toulouse, France, 2001.

\bibitem[Pazzani and Kibler(1992)]{pazzani92}
Michael Pazzani and Dennis Kibler.
\newblock The role of prior knowledge in inductive learning.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}, 9:\penalty0 54--97, 1992.

\bibitem[Provost and Kolluri(1997)]{provost97survey}
F.~Provost and V.~Kolluri.
\newblock A survey of methods for scaling up inductive learning algorithms.
\newblock In {\em Third International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and
  Data Mining}, 1997.

\bibitem[Quinlan(1986)]{Quinlan_86}
J.~R. Quinlan.
\newblock The effect of noise on concept learning.
\newblock In J.~G. Carbonell and T.~M. Mitchell, editors, {\em Machine
  learning: An artificial intelligence approach}, volume~2. Morgan Kaufmann:San
  Mateo CA, 1986.

\bibitem[Quinlan(1990)]{Quinlan90}
J.~R. Quinlan.
\newblock Learning logical definitions from relations.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}, 5:\penalty0 239--266, 1990.

\bibitem[Ramshaw and Marcus(1995)]{RM95}
Lance~A. Ramshaw and Mitchell~P. Marcus.
\newblock Text chunking using tranformation-based learning.
\newblock In {\em ACL Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora}, pages 82--94,
  1995.

\bibitem[Sang(2000{\natexlab{a}})]{TSKst00}
Erik F. Tjong~Kim Sang.
\newblock Introduction to the {CoNLL}-2000 shared task: {C}hunking.
\newblock In Claire Cardie, Walter Daelemans, Claire Nedellec, and Erik Tjong
  Kim~Sang, editors, {\em Proceedings of workshop on Computational Natural
  Language Learning, CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 127--132. Lisbon,
  Portugal, 2000{\natexlab{a}}.

\bibitem[Sang(2000{\natexlab{b}})]{TSJ00}
Erik F. Tjong~Kim Sang.
\newblock Text chunking by system combination.
\newblock In Claire Cardie, Walter Daelemans, Claire Nedellec, and Erik Tjong
  Kim~Sang, editors, {\em Proceedings of CoNLL 2000 and LLL-2000}, pages
  151--153. Lisbon, Portugal, 2000{\natexlab{b}}.

\bibitem[Sima'an(1997)]{Simaan97}
Khalil Sima'an.
\newblock Explanation-based learning of data oriented parsing.
\newblock In {\em Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), ACL/EACL-97,
  Madrid}, 1997.

\bibitem[Soderland(1999)]{Whisk}
Stephen Soderland.
\newblock Learning information extraction rules for semi-structured and free
  text.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}, 34\penalty0 (1--3):\penalty0 233--272, 1999.

\bibitem[van Halteren(2000)]{VH_conll00}
Hans van Halteren.
\newblock Chunking with {WPDV} models.
\newblock In Claire Cardie, Walter Daelemans, Claire Nedellec, and Erik Tjong
  Kim~Sang, editors, {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages
  154--156. Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[van Rijsbergen(1979)]{Rij79}
C.J. van Rijsbergen.
\newblock {\em Information Retrieval}.
\newblock Buttersworth, 1979.

\bibitem[Webb and Brkic(1993)]{webb93learning}
G.~Webb and N.~Brkic.
\newblock Learning decision lists by prepending inferred rules.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Australian Workshop on Machine Learning
  and Hybrid Systems}, 1993.

\end{thebibliography}
