\begin{thebibliography}{54}
\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi

\bibitem[Abney(1991)]{abney91}
Steven Abney.
\newblock Parsing By Chunks.
\newblock In {\em Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and Psycholinguistics},
  pages 257--278. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

\bibitem[Aha and Bankert(1994)]{aha94}
David~W. Aha and Richard~L. Bankert.
\newblock Feature Selection for Case-Based Classification of Cloud Types: An
  Empirical Comparison.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 1994 AAAI Workshop on Case-Based
  Reasoning}, pages 106--112. Seattle, WA, USA, AAAI Press, 1994.

\bibitem[Argamon-Engelson et~al.(1999)Argamon-Engelson, Dagan, and
  Krymolowski]{argamon99}
Shlomo Argamon-Engelson, Ido Dagan, and Yuval Krymolowski.
\newblock A memory-based approach to learning shallow natural language
  patterns.
\newblock {\em Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI}, 11\penalty0
  (3):\penalty0 369--390, 1999.

\bibitem[Banko and Brill(2001)]{banko2001}
Michele Banko and Eric Brill.
\newblock Scaling to Very Very Large Corpora for Natural Language
  Disambiguation.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of ACL 2001}, pages 26--33. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Bod(2000)]{bod2000}
Rens Bod.
\newblock Parsing with the Shortest Derivation.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of COLING 2000}. Saarbruecken, Germany, 2000.

\bibitem[Bod(2001)]{bod2001}
Rens Bod.
\newblock What is the Minimal Set of Fragments that Achieves Maximal Parse
  Accuracy.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of ACL-2001}, pages 66--73. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Brants(1999)]{brants99}
Thorsten Brants.
\newblock Cascaded Markov Models.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of EACL'99}, pages 118--125. Bergen, Norway,
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\bibitem[Brill(1994)]{brill94}
Eric Brill.
\newblock Some Advances in Rule-Based Part of Speech Tagging.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial
  Intelligence (AAAI-94)}, pages 722--727. Seattle, Washington, 1994.

\bibitem[Carreras and M{\`a}rquez(2001)]{carreras2001}
Xavier Carreras and Lu{\'i}s M{\`a}rquez.
\newblock Boosting Trees for Clause Splitting.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 73--75. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Caruana and Freitag(1994)]{caruana94}
Rich Caruana and Dayne Freitag.
\newblock Greedy Attribute Selection.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on
  Machine Learning}, pages 28--36. New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Morgan Kaufman,
  1994.

\bibitem[Charniak(1997)]{charniak97}
Eugene Charniak.
\newblock Statistical Parsing with a Context-Free Grammar and Word Statistics.
\newblock In {\em Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  pages 598--603. MIT Press, 1997.

\bibitem[Charniak(2000)]{charniak2000}
Eugene Charniak.
\newblock A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ANLP-NAACL 2000}, pages 132--139. Seattle,
  WA, USA. Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2000.

\bibitem[Church(1988)]{church88}
Kenneth~Ward Church.
\newblock A Stochastic Parts Program and Noun Phrase Parser for Unrestricted
  Text.
\newblock In {\em Second Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing},
  pages 136--143. Austin, Texas, 1988.

\bibitem[Collins(1999)]{collins99}
Michael Collins.
\newblock {\em Head-Driven Statistical Models for Natural Language Processing}.
\newblock PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1999.

\bibitem[Collins(2000)]{collins2000}
Michael Collins.
\newblock Discriminative Reranking for Natural Language Processing.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of ICML-2000}, pages 175--182. Stanford
  University, CA, USA. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2000.

\bibitem[Daelemans(1995)]{daelemans95}
Walter Daelemans.
\newblock Memory-Based Lexical Acquisition and Processing.
\newblock In {\em Machine Translation and the Lexicon}, pages 85--98. Springer
  Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 898, 1995.

\bibitem[Daelemans(1999)]{daelemans99b}
Walter Daelemans.
\newblock Memory-Based Language Processing. Introduction to the Special Issue.
\newblock {\em Journal of Experimental \& Theoretical Artificial Intelligence
  (JETAI)}, 11\penalty0 (3):\penalty0 287--296, 1999.

\bibitem[Daelemans et~al.(1994)Daelemans, Gillis, and Durieux]{daelemans1994cl}
Walter Daelemans, Steven Gillis, and Gert Durieux.
\newblock The Acquisition of Stress: A Data-Oriented Approach.
\newblock {\em Computational Linguistics}, 20\penalty0 (3):\penalty0 421--451,
  1994.

\bibitem[Daelemans et~al.(1999)Daelemans, Van~den Bosch, and
  Zavrel]{daelemans99}
Walter Daelemans, Antal van~den Bosch, and Jakub Zavrel.
\newblock Forgetting Exceptions is Harmful in Language Learning.
\newblock {\em Machine Learning}, 34\penalty0 (1):\penalty0 11--43, 1999.

\bibitem[Daelemans et~al.(2000)Daelemans, Zavrel, Van~der Sloot, and Van~den
  Bosch]{timbl2000}
Walter Daelemans, Jakub Zavrel, Ko~van~der Sloot, and Antal van~den Bosch.
\newblock {\em TiMBL: Tilburg Memory Based Learner, version 3.0, \ Reference
  Guide}.
\newblock ILK Technical Report 00-01., 2000.
\newblock http://ilk.kub.nl/.

\bibitem[D\'ejean(2000)]{dejean2000}
Herv\'e D\'ejean.
\newblock Learning Syntactic Structures with XML.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 95--98.
  Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[D{\'e}jean(2001)]{dejean2001}
Herv{\'e} D{\'e}jean.
\newblock Using ALLiS for Clausing.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 64--66. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Ejerhed and Church(1983)]{ejerhed83}
Eva Ejerhed and Kenneth~W. Church.
\newblock Finite State Parsing.
\newblock In {\em Papers from the Seventh Scandinavian Conference of
  Linguistics}, pages 410--432. University of Helsinki, Finland, 1983.

\bibitem[Hammerton(2001)]{hammerton2001b}
James Hammerton.
\newblock Clause identification with Long Short-Term Memory.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 61--63. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Hoste et~al.(2000)Hoste, Gillis, and Daelemans]{hoste1999clin}
Veronique Hoste, Steven Gillis, and Walter Daelemans.
\newblock Machine Learning for Modeling Dutch Pronunciation Variation.
\newblock In {\em Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands 1999}, pages
  73--83. Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, 2000.

\bibitem[John et~al.(1994)John, Kohavi, and Pfleger]{john94}
George~H. John, Ron Kohavi, and Karl Pfleger.
\newblock Irrelevant Features and the Subset Selection Problem.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on
  Machine Learning}, pages 121--129. New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Morgan Kaufman,
  1994.

\bibitem[Krymolowski and Dagan(2000)]{krymolowski2000}
Yuval Krymolowski and Ido Dagan.
\newblock Incorporating Compositional Evidence in Memory-Based Partial Parsing.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of ACL 2000}, pages 45--52. Hong Kong, 2000.

\bibitem[Kudoh and Matsumoto(2000)]{kudoh2000}
Taku Kudoh and Yuji Matsumoto.
\newblock Use of Support Vector Learning for Chunk Identification.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 142--144.
  Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[Kudoh and Matsumoto(2001)]{kudoh2001}
Taku Kudoh and Yuji Matsumoto.
\newblock Chunking with Support Vector Machines.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of NAACL 2001}. Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2001.

\bibitem[Magerman(1995)]{magerman95}
David~M. Magerman.
\newblock Statistical Decision-Tree Models for Parsing.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for
  Computational Linguistics (ACL'95)}, pages 276--283. Cambridge, MA, USA,
  1995.

\bibitem[Marcus et~al.(1993)Marcus, Santorini, and Marcinkiewicz]{marcus93}
Mitchell~P. Marcus, Beatrice Santorini, and Mary~Ann Marcinkiewicz.
\newblock Building a Large Annotated Corpus of English: The Penn Treebank.
\newblock {\em Computational Linguistics}, 19\penalty0 (2):\penalty0 331--330,
  1993.

\bibitem[Molina and Pla(2001)]{molina2001}
Antonio Molina and Ferran Pla.
\newblock Clause Detection using HMM.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 70--72. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Mu{\~n}oz et~al.(1999)Mu{\~n}oz, Punyakanok, Roth, and Zimak]{munoz99}
Marcia Mu{\~n}oz, Vasin Punyakanok, Dan Roth, and Dav Zimak.
\newblock A Learning Approach to Shallow Parsing.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of EMNLP-WVLC'99}, pages 168--178. Association
  for Computational Linguistics, 1999.

\bibitem[Noreen(1989)]{noreen89}
Eric~W. Noreen.
\newblock {\em Computer-Intensive Methods for Testing Hypotheses}.
\newblock John Wiley \& Sons, 1989.

\bibitem[Osborne(1999)]{osborne99}
Miles Osborne.
\newblock MDL-based DCG Induction for NP Identification.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-99}, pages 61--68. Bergen, Norway, 1999.

\bibitem[Patrick and Goyal(2001)]{patrick2001}
Jon~D. Patrick and Ishaan Goyal.
\newblock Boosted Decision Graphs for NLP Learning Tasks.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 58--60. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Ramshaw and Marcus(1995)]{ramshaw95}
Lance~A. Ramshaw and Mitchell~P. Marcus.
\newblock Text Chunking Using Transformation-Based Learning.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Third ACL Workshop on Very Large Corpora},
  pages 82--94. Cambridge, MA, USA, 1995.

\bibitem[Ratnaparkhi(1996)]{ratnaparkhi96}
Adwait Ratnaparkhi.
\newblock A Maximum Entropy Model for Part-Of-Speech Tagging.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of EMNLP-96}, pages 133--142. University of
  Pennsylvania, PA, USA, 1996.

\bibitem[Ratnaparkhi(1998)]{ratnaparkhi98}
Adwait Ratnaparkhi.
\newblock {\em Maximum Entropy Models for Natural Language Ambiguity
  Resolution}.
\newblock PhD thesis Computer and Information Science, \ University of
  Pennsylvania, 1998.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang(2000{\natexlab{a}})]{tks2000naacl}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang.
\newblock Noun Phrase Recognition by System Combination.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ANLP-NAACL 2000}, pages 50--55. Seattle,
  Washington, USA. Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2000{\natexlab{a}}.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang(2000{\natexlab{b}})]{tks2000conll}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang.
\newblock Text Chunking by System Combination.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 151--153.
  Lisbon, Portugal, 2000{\natexlab{b}}.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang(2001{\natexlab{a}})]{tks2001conll}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang.
\newblock Memory-Based Clause Identification.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 67--69. Toulouse, France,
  2001{\natexlab{a}}.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang(2001{\natexlab{b}})]{tks2001clin}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang.
\newblock Transforming a Chunker to a Parser.
\newblock In {\em Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands 2000}, pages
  177--188. Tilburg, The Netherlands, 2001{\natexlab{b}}.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang and Buchholz(2000)]{tksbuchholz2000conll}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang and Sabine Buchholz.
\newblock Introduction to the CoNLL-2000 Shared Task: Chunking.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 127--132.
  Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang et~al.(2000)Tjong Kim~Sang, Daelemans, D{\'e}jean,
  Koeling, Krymolowski, Punyakanok, and Roth]{tks2000coling}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang, Walter Daelemans, Herv{\'e} D{\'e}jean, Rob Koeling,
  Yuval Krymolowski, Vasin Punyakanok, and Dan Roth.
\newblock Applying System Combination to Base Noun Phrase Identification.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of COLING 2000}, pages 857--863. Saarbruecken,
  Germany, 2000.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang and D{\'e}jean(2001)]{tksdejean2001conll}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang and Herv{\'e} D{\'e}jean.
\newblock Introduction to the CoNLL-2001 Shared Task: Clause Identification.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2001}, pages 53--57. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Tjong Kim~Sang and Veenstra(1999)]{tksveenstra99eacl}
Erik~F. Tjong Kim~Sang and Jorn Veenstra.
\newblock Representing Text Chunks.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of EACL'99}, pages 173--179. Bergen, Norway,
  1999.

\bibitem[Van Halteren(2000)]{hvh2000}
Hans van Halteren.
\newblock Chunking with WPDV Models.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 154--156.
  Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\bibitem[Van Halteren et~al.(2001)van Halteren, Zavrel, and Daelemans]{hvh2001}
Hans van Halteren, Jakub Zavrel, and Walter Daelemans.
\newblock Improving Accuracy in Word Class Tagging through the Combination of
  Machine Learning Systems.
\newblock {\em Computational Linguistics}, 27\penalty0 (3):\penalty0 199--229,
  2001.

\bibitem[Van Rijsbergen(1975)]{vanrijsbergen75}
C.J. van Rijsbergen.
\newblock {\em Information Retrieval}.
\newblock Buttersworth, 1975.

\bibitem[Weiss and Kulikowski(1991)]{weiss91}
Sholom~M. Weiss and Casimir~A. Kulikowski.
\newblock {\em Computer Systems That Learn: Classification and Prediction
  Methods from Statistics, Neural Nets, Machine Learning and Expert Systems}.
\newblock Morgan Kaufmann, 1991.

\bibitem[Yeh(2000)]{yeh2000}
Alexander Yeh.
\newblock More accurate tests for the statistical significance of result
  differences.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
  Computational Linguistics (COLING 2000)}, pages 947--953. Saarbruecken,
  Germany, 2000.

\bibitem[Zhang et~al.(2001)Zhang, Damerau, and Johnson]{zhang2001}
Tong Zhang, Fred Damerau, and David Johnson.
\newblock Text Chunking using Regularized Winnow.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of ACL 2001}, pages 539--546. Toulouse, France,
  2001.

\bibitem[Zhou et~al.(2000)Zhou, Su, and Tey]{zhou2000}
GuoDong Zhou, Jian Su, and TongGuan Tey.
\newblock Hybrid Text Chunking.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of CoNLL-2000 and LLL-2000}, pages 163--166.
  Lisbon, Portugal, 2000.

\end{thebibliography}