Endoscopic Navigation

Virtual endoscopy is the navigation of a virtual camera through a 3D reconstruction of a patient's anatomy enabling the exploration of the internal structures to assist in surgical planning. Augmented endoscopy includes the registration of the patient and tracking of the endoscope to produce a visualization illustrating the position of the endoscope in the MR scan during a procedure.

An augmented endoscopy guided intubation was performed on a 55 year old male with a retropharyngeal tumor using our system. The patient was registered to the MR scan and tracked. A flexible endoscope and a miniature (1.2 mm diameter) electromagnetic sensor (Biosense Inc. Seatauket, NY) were introduced into the endotracheal tube together. During the intubation, a registered visualization of the endoscope's position was displayed. The image below illustrates an example of the display during the procedure. The rendered image in the upper left corner represents the virtual view corresponding to the endoscope's position and orientation. An exterior virtual view is shown in the upper right. The three orthogonal slices of the MR scan are shown along the bottom, with the cross-hairs highlighting the position of the endoscope. These views are updated at about 1-2 frames per second, demonstrating the progress of the endotracheal tube.


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Last updated Feb 5, 1999.
Michael Leventon